To protect and to serve? A phenomenological exploration of interactions between Black transgender women and law enforcement in the Midwest

Authors

Anthony Banks, University of Minnesota-Duluth
Kelli E. Canada, University of Missouri-Columbia
Erin L. Robinson, University of Missouri-Columbia
Mansoo Yu, University of Missouri-Columbia
Lynn Mie Itagaki, University of Missouri-Columbia

Abstract

"Current research indicates transgender women of color are experiencing what is being referred to as an “epidemic of violence.” Law enforcement personnel are in a unique position to mitigate this violence among transgender women of color, however past research shows that law enforcement may in some instances perpetuate already existing violence with this population instead of preventing and intervening in these situations. This study aimed to add to the limited research by using an intersectional theoretical framework to better understand these interactions. Research questions were answered using a phenomenological research design. Data from 36 semi-structured interviews with Black transgender women in the Midwest (as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.) about their experiences with law enforcement and what they take away from these experiences were analyzed using an inductive interpretive analysis. Regardless of treatment, transgender women of color wanted to be given fair, humane, and equal treatment as others who identify as cisgender, White, and/or men, and wanted to be shown respect, listened to, felt taken care of, felt tended to, and be taken seriously. The results from this study can be used to inform culturally-responsive police training and policies in working with this population, accountability and reporting of violation of rights, and enhance understanding of health implications of transgender women of color in interacting with police."

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.

Recommended Citation

Banks, Anthony; Canada, Kelli E.; L., Erin Robinson; Yu, Mansoo; and Itagaki, Lynn Mie (2026) "To protect and to serve? A phenomenological exploration of interactions between Black transgender women and law enforcement in the Midwest," Qualitative Criminology (QC): Vol. 15: No. 1, Article 4.
Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/qc/vol15/iss1/4